Երեք եղբայրներու կամ արեւների դիցաբանութիւնը հայ եւ օտար բանաւոր մշակոյթում
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Date
2002
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The legendary nature of the fairy tale of three brothers is known to exit internationally. However, no one has noticed and attempted to trace back the mythical references of the sun.
Comparative study of these fairy tales brings us to the conclusion that they carry to us a remote legend of three suns. These three suns have been mythically reified as the three positions of the sun throughout the day; in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon. Furthermore, these fairy tales describe the death of the sun und its entry
into the post-mortal world at sunset.
The youngest brother is the sunset sun, whom the elder brothers leave in the well (the road to the post-mortal world), The youngest brother finds himself in the Dark World, kills dragons (including the one that has terrorized the town, blocked the spring, asking for a female ransom every time he has to let some water go). The hero liberates the town from the dragon and arrives in the Light World on the wings of the eagle.
In Russian fairy tales the names given to the three brothers are linked to the light of the morning, to the light at noon and to that of afternoon or night (that of the sun-moon). In the Georgian "Ivan Zaria" fairy tale, perhaps influenced by the Russian, the three brothers not only bear these names (corresponding to the three locations of the sun) but they live in the sky too. In the Armenian fairy tale, "The Tale of Alo-Dino or Hazaran Belbool", nature itself warms that Alo-Tino "came out of his mother, similar to the way people describe the dawn, saying that the sun "came out of its mother".
An essential part of the three brothers’ legend has been reflected by Medieval Armenian ecclesiastical exegetical literature. In the tale of the "manoug (=child, or young man) and the girl "the youngest brother is personified in the fair, decent and Christian character of the manoug. Monoug is described with sole characteristics,
though he reminds us of the pre-Christian just-sun.
The sun-hero is hidden in the Arminian ritual worshipping of tookh manougs.
Characteristics of the tookh manougs correspond to those of the third brother.
Tho mythical belief of the three suns was spread not only among the Indo-Europeans opens, but among the Mongols and the races of the Amour Valley. It has been preserved basically as three brothers in mystery tales, which most probably have in Indo-European origin.
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Մարտոյեան, Գ., «Երեք եղբայրներու կամ արեւների դիցաբանութիւնը հայ եւ օտար բանաւոր մշակոյթում», «Հայկազեան հայագիտական հանդէս», 2002, Պէյրութ, էջ 59-79