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HU Repository serves as an academic and research repository, offering a rich assortment of Haigazian Armenological Review research outputs along with publications from the Armenian Diaspora Research Center (ADRC) and Haigazian University Press (HU Press). Additionally, it hosts a repository of MA and MBA theses.
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1922 Սեպտեմբեր. Զմիւռնիայի հայերի եւ յոյների բնաջնջումը եւ քրիստոնէաբնակ թաղամասերի հրկիզումը
(2021) Թեհմինէ Մարտոյեան
The research focuses on the contradictory claims concerning the annihilation of the Armenians and Greeks in Smyrna and the arson in its Armenian and Greek quarters.
Based on collected data, information, eyewitness accounts and media reports, the paper rejects the Turkish claims that the arson was caused by Armenians and Greeks.
It argues that these quarters were burnt in order to eliminate any evidence of killings and responsibility by the Turks. The author notes titles like "Fire of Smyrna" or the "Catastrophe of Smyrna" simply cover up the name of the perpetrators of the Smyrna atrocities.
The paper details the plan of action of the arson and massacre of the Christian population and notes that it had a specific order: killings, robbery, theft, rape, and finally arson. The author stresses that this procedure of violence was simila to many atrocities perpetrated against cities, towns and villages in the Armenian Vilayets and Cilicia.
Հալէպահայ ուսուցչական միութեան գործունէութիւնը (1938-1946)
(2021) Անի Ֆիշենկճեան
The paper narrates the inception, halting and resumption of the Armenian Teachers' Union of Aleppo between 1925 and 1946.
The author notes that the Union was proclaimed in 1925; however, due to disagreements it failed to take real shape and was halted soon after. Nevertheless, i decade later, some members of the union revived it and were able to address a number of social, economic and cultural concerns of the teachers.
The Union, in collaboration with the Educational Committee of the Armenian Orthodox school succeeded in publishing its by-laws, extending the payment of the teachers from a nine-month salary to an all-year-long salary, increasing the salaries of the teachers, enabling the teachers to benefit from state provided provisions during the WWll years, establishing a library, publishing a literary journal and children's books, organizing lectures and social gatherings, developing the pedagogical skills of the teachers, and sponsoring a number of promising secondary graduates so as to recruit them into the field of education. In a nutshell the Union, which brought together Armenian teachers from different Armenian schools in Aleppo, was able to improve the dire conditions of the teachers.
However, in 1946, due to the opposing views of different conventional Armenian parties concerning repatriation to Soviet Armenia, the Union halted its activities and had a weak presence in the early 1950s.
Խորհրդային իշխանութեան քաղաքական բռնութիւններն Ալեքսանդրապոլի գաւառում (Ապրիլ-Դեկտեմբեր 1921)
(2021) Կարինէ Ալեքսանեան
The paper describes and examines the governance of the early sovietization period in the province of Alexandropole. Lacking enough grassroots support, the authorities established in Armenia on December 2, 1920 relied on violence and force to implement their policies.
The newly formed authorities first recruited members of allied parties, who joined in to improve the socio-economic conditions of the province, from which the Turkish occupying forces were still being evacuated. However, the contradictions and rivalry between the local and the central authorities generated the opportunity to use force.
Failure to improve conditions led to violence and the purging of Communist ranks of allied figures and the shifting from policies of "military communism" to those of a "new economic plan" and the consolidation of communist rule in the province and the country at large.
Ս. Դ. Հնչակեան կուսակցութիւնը Հարաւային Ամերիկայի մէջ (սկզբնական շրջանի ուրուագիծ)
(2021) Վարդան Մատթէոսեան
The study of the history of political parties in different communities of the Armenian diaspora has usually been hampered by the scarcity of sources, mainly due to the inaccessibility of local archives and, in the case of South America, the almost total inexistence of newspaper collections. At this stage, the early history of the Social-Democrat Hunchakian Party in the three main Armenian communities of the region (Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay) can only be outlined at most. The first chapter was founded in 1912 or 1913 in Buenos Aires. It was actively involved in community politics and financial assistance to various Armenian causes during the crucial period 1915- 1920. The Armenian wave of immigration to South America after 1922 contributed to the creation of new chapters in Uruguay (Montevideo, 1926), Argentina (Cordoba, 1929), and Brazil (Sao Paulo, 1929, and others). The activity of the Brazilian chapters was deeply affected by repression by the authoritarian regime of Getulio Vargas and his Estado Novo (1937-1945). In the 1920s and 1930s, the Hunchakian Party had to withstand the competition of the Armenian section of the Communist Party, to the left of its ideological arc, to which it lost some of its membership. At the same time it also sought a strategic alliance with the Communist Party on the basis of a common pro-Soviet Armenian stance against the main ideological and political antagonist, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.
Թուրքիայի միջազգային իրաւական պատասխանատուութեան հարցը Ա. համաշխարհային պատերազմից յետոյ
(2021) Էդիտա Գ. Գզոյեան
The principle of state sovereignty, launched in Westphalia in 1648, showed its first serious cracks after WWl. The chaos and devastation of war, the pressing demand for peace and public protests against impunity for atrocities became the basis for breaking the link with the past system and building a normative basis for human life and dignity he new approach, which called into question the absoluteness of state sovereignt ave rise to the criminal responsibility of states for war crimes and crimes agains humanity. At the epicenter of these events was also the Ottoman Empire, which during WWI had committed war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Indeed, under the guise of the world war, the Turkish authorities initiated the annihilation of the native Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire through massacres, deportations and forced assimilation. Already on May 24, 1915, the allied states, Russia, Great Britain and France, issued a joint statement in which they qualified the actions carried out against Armenians as crimes "against humanity and civilization", laying the foundation for the formation of a new crime in international criminal law.
After the end of the war, during the Paris Peace Conference, the Commission on the responsibility of the authors of the war and on enforcement of penalties was created. It was supposed to identify the initiators of WWl and determine the punishments for those who committed war crimes and crimes against humanity.
The Commission also investigated Turkey's international legal responsibility for the Armenian massacres in the context of crimes against humanity. Although the wording "crime against humanity" was not included verbatim in the text of the Peace Treaty of Sèvres, in fact, Article 230 was related to this new crime, which was formalized, however, only after WWIl.
Against the backdrop of these developments the paper examines the case of Turkey's international legal responsibility vis-à-vis crimes it committed against humanity.