Միջնադարեան Հայաստանի «Դուինի ջութակ» նուագարանի մասին
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2017
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Abstract
In 1953, a beautifully decorated bottle-shaped glass receptacle was excavated from the archaeological site of Dvin, ancient capital of Armenia, and dated from the late-10th-early-11th century. The finding was considered groundbreaking, since one of the decorative figures depicted on the receptacle was a musician sitting on the floor in a typically eastern position. Unlike traditional Oriental musicians, he held a violin-like instrument on his shoulder.
In 1961, a funerary monument (khachkar) was found in Harich, in the Artik district of present-day Armenia. It also depicted the figure of a musician with a proto-violin on his shoulder, sitting on the floor in an eastern position. The inscription on the monument includes the date 1245.
These instruments combine typical Western and Oriental elements:
* Both are bowed instruments with lateral pecks from the medieval violin family.
* Both musicians are not standing, but sitting on the ground in an eastern position.
* Both musicians hold their instruments in "a braccio" position, which was totally unknown in Armenia and in the Orient at that time.
* Both findings are very close chronologically, as the items belonged to the same historical period, roughly speaking.
The presence of these instruments in Armenia leads us to conclude that they were called jutak (ջութակ), an unknown string instrument mentioned by poet Grigor Narekatsi in the tenth century. The name is currently used to refer to the modern violin.
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Կնեազեան, Զ., «Միջնադարեան Հայաստանի «Դուինի ջութակ» նուագարանի մասին», «Հայկազեան հայագիտական հանդէս», 2017, Պէյրութ, էջ 103-122