Հին հայերէնի հպաշփականների ծագման «կովկասեան» վարկածի շուրջ (պատմալեզուաբանական քննութիւն)
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Date
2021
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Owing to the fact that there is some correspondence between the system of Old Armenian and Old Georgian affricates, i.e. voiced, voiceless and aspirated voiceless phonemic categories in two rows - voiced (8/d-[il, 9/x-[1), voiceless (8/f-[c], 6/7-[8]) and aspirated voiceless (g/g-[c'], ≤/B-[&*]), distinguished linguists Heinrich Hübschmann, Antoine Meillet, and Grigor Ghapantsyan believed that Armenian affricates could have emerged under the influence of the Caucasian languages and particularly that of Old Georgian.
Both H. Pederson and Gevorg Jahukyan, however, refuted this hypothesis
and considered the Armenian affricates a phenomenon of Indo-European origin.
The author argues that there are no solid grounds to explain the origin of the Armenian affricates by the impact of the Caucasian substratum since, apart from Old Armenian, affricates were present in other old satem languages of not only SouthWestern Asia (Old Indian, Old Iranian languages) but also of the European region (Old Slavic, Lithuanian, Albanian). Old Indian, in particular, abounds in affricates. Obviously, the affricates in all these languages could not have developed under the influence of the Caucasian languages, especially with no clear evidence about any communication between Old Indian and Caucasian languages in, for instance, the pre-historical period.
Accordingly, the author stresses that, if the Indo-European nature of the Armenian language is acknowledged (and this is an irrefutable fact), the origin of the Armenian affricates ought to be viewed in the context of the origin of the similar phonemes of the Indo-European languages mentioned. It should be acknowledged that the preconditions for the emergence of the africates existed already in the period of the Indo-European-Kartvelian- ... nostratic state and, hence, in Indo-European language, in general. One of the reasons was the presence of the favorable linguistic environment necessary for the emergence of these phonemes in the region. As far as Armenian is concerned, such conditions could be, for example, the existence of affricates in the Urartian language (comp. (c/shj. d, [clhy. gl, l/= hy. al, [/=hy. 2l). Apparently, the language of the Urartian records does not provide a full and comprehensive picture of the phonemic system of the language. However, the existence of several affricates in that language can be viewed as evidence of a closer connection of the Urartian language with Armenian rather than any other Indo-European or non-Indo-European language.
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Պետրոսեան, Վ., «Հին հայերէնի հպաշփականների ծագման «կովկասեան» վարկածի շուրջ (պատմալեզուաբանական քննութիւն)», «Հայկազեան հայագիտական հանդէս», 2021, Պէյրութ, էջ 499-525