1918-1920ի Հայաստանի անկախութիւնը Ֆրանսայի, Մեծ Բրիտանիայի եւ ԱՄՆի քաղաքական գործիչների գնահատմամբ

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dc.contributor.authorԳայիանէ Մախմուրեան
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-01T07:16:40Z
dc.date.available2026-09-01T07:16:40Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThe justification for Armenian political independence and Western Armenia’s unification with its Eastern counterpart into a single state was based on two historical realities: a) the Armenian Genocide, b) the complete devastation of the provinces of Western Armenia by the Ottoman government in 1915–1918. These realities were accompanied by the collapse of the Caucasian Front, the flight of the Russian Army from it (December 1917–February 1918), and its replacement by Armenian self-defence units (from 5 February till 4 June and actually until 18 October) in 1918. French politicians were the first who quite adequately paid attention to the situation and the necessity of an independent Armenian Republic, in December 1917. After the victory of the Entente Powers in WWI, the USA and Great Britain leaders responded positively to the activities of the Republic of Armenia, providing it in 1919 with vitally important food and some military aid. At the same time, the British Command took all territorial disputes of the region under its own jurisdiction. At the Paris Peace conference Armenian independence was estimated by all as politically more or less accomplished, though it required foreign military protection, and administrative and material support in the form of a mandate. Politicians of all three Powers noted that the main threat to Armenian independence and especially to a united Armenian state came from the absence of external communications, alongside the danger of a Turkish–Tatar invasion. In 1920 France prioritised its economic interests, the USA gave up the mandate and Britain completely evacuated its troops from the Transcaucasus, clearly comprehending the danger of the Turkish–Bolshevik alliance for the Armenian state. All of them theoretically dealt with the issues of delimitation of the borders of a United Armenian state, though in practice they merely observed and accepted the catastrophic results of the Turkish–Armenian war of 1920, Russia’s return and Turkey’s territorial acquisitions. Overall, between 1918 and 1920 France was the most ardent supporter of Armenian independence, followed by the USA, while Britain took the most reserved position. In addition, the efforts of the Armenian state apparatus were appreciated, and the Republic was seen as the natural nucleus for further unification.
dc.identifier.citationՄախմուրեան, Գ., «1918-1920ի Հայաստանի անկախութիւնը Ֆրանսայի, Մեծ Բրիտանիայի եւ ԱՄՆի քաղաքական գործիչների գնահատմամբ», «Հայկազեան հայագիտական հանդէս», 2025, 45/1, Պէյրութ, էջ 147-168
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.62811/har.artc.km.2025.1
dc.identifier.urihttps://haigrepository.haigazian.edu.lb/handle/123456789/1605
dc.title1918-1920ի Հայաստանի անկախութիւնը Ֆրանսայի, Մեծ Բրիտանիայի եւ ԱՄՆի քաղաքական գործիչների գնահատմամբ
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