Ակնարկ հայ մշակոյթի պատմութեան (ԺԵ.-ԺԸ. դարեր)
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Date
2018
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After the fall of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1375, in 1441 the Catholicosate was returned to its original See, Ejmiadzin. Almost at the same time another significant took place, the capture of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire by Turks in 1453. Accordingly, Armenians who were living either in the Armenian Plateau or those who were spread in different towns of Asia Minor came under the control of the Ottoman Empire, which gradually expanded its territory incorporating all of Asia Minor.
To organize the spiritual life of the Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire, the Patriarchate headed by the Bishop was established; it was also responsible for the administrative affairs of the community and provided the community's contact with the authorities. In the 17-18th centuries, due to the emergence of new colonies in the territory of the Empire, new dioceses were formed (Nikomidia-Armash, Kutahya, Rodosto, Adrianopole, Smyrna), and old ones were reestablished. A list attributed to Voskan Yerevantsi and the clerk Sargis Hovhannisyan's records served as a source for the history of the Patriarchate in the above-mentioned period.
It is known that from the mid-14th century the cultural life of the Armenian communities which were under foreign dominace was established and developed in a spiritual-monastic environment that united the Armenians.
In the 13th century Erzincan, with its temples and monastic schools on the mountain Sepuh, was known as an educational center. It was here that Hovhannes Hamshentsi established a high school that operated from 1460 to 1490s. His alumni Toros Taronetsi and Grigor Artchishetsi established schools in Taron and Artchesh.
The role of spiritual individuals such as Grigor Tatevatsi, Mkrtich Naghash, Movses Tatevatsi, and Vardan Baghishetsi in the Armenian culture of the middle ages was great. They established schools (St. Hovhannes of Baghesh, St. Virgin temple of Metsop, Karmir temple of Karin, St. Illuminator temple, St. Virgin of Gaghatia, the Apostolic of Mush, St. Karapet), developed educational programs, organized centers of spiritual education and stood against foreign pressure. These centers existed only in monastery complexes, where outstanding scholars and teachers gave lectures. The renaissance of literature and translations were very typical of the culture of the 17-18th centuries. Many translations of natural science, religious, scientific, educational, artistic and moral works, books about medicine, astronomy, and maths were made from Eastern languages and Latin.
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Աւետեան, Կ., «Ակնարկ հայ մշակոյթի պատմութեան (ԺԵ.-ԺԸ. դարեր)», «Հայկազեան հայագիտական հանդէս», 2018, Պէյրութ, էջ 217-236