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Item Հայկական Տեղաշարժեր Արեւելեան Եւրոպայի Քարտէսին Վրայ(1972) Սիրունի, Յակոբ Ճ.In the 11th century, after the fall of Ani, Armenians begin to migrate in all directions. A considerable number are settled in Astrakian, thence to move and establish abode in Crimea in 1299. Here they enhance trade and create a rich cultural heritage. It is Crimea that gives birth to the Armenian settlements in Eastern Europe, even though sprinklings of Armenians have existed here ever since the 10th century. During subsequent centuries, Armenians keep migrating to Eastern Europe for trade purposes and for such reasons as the forced deportations decreed by Mohammad Fatih, Bayazid II and Shah Abbas, the conquest of the Jalalis, the Turko-Polish war, the Turko-Russian war, and the Ottoman Constitution of 1908. With the increase of the Armenian population, displacements take place in the Polish, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Rumanian settlements. Armenians have widely contributed to the advancement of the social economic, and political life in these countries, keeping, meanwhile, their own national and religious customs unaltered down to the present time. The blessings, however, have not been unmixed. They have had their domestic problems, the most serious of which have been the troubles entailed by the propagandizing activities of the Roman Catholic Church.Item Դամասկոսի Թանգարանի Հայկական Պատառիկները(1972) Khatchikian, Levon, Mateossian, ArtashesTowards the end of the 19th century, when German scholars opened, by the special permission of the sultan, the «treasury» in the Omayyad Mosque of Damascus, they found, among a considerable number of documents, manuscripts, and fragments written in Greek, Latin, Syriac, Old French, Armenian, and other languages. Further examinations showed that the fragments of the Armenian manuscripts dated back to the 10th through 13th centuries. These fragments are now found in the National Museum in Damascus. They are parts of 13 vellum manuscripts and of an epistle written on paper. Textually they are closely associated with the Old and New Testaments, ceremonial and hagiographical books, discourse documents, and epistolary literature. A critical research on these fragments will prove to be an invaluable contribution to the study of ancient Armenian literature and the history of the Armenian language. Historical investigation bears out the fact that these fragments originally come from one of the most renowned cultural centers, namely, the Hromgla library which had been ransacked by the Mamelukes in the days of Sultan Ashraf Salah ed Din (1290-1294) and had been brought to Damascus.Item Լեւոն Վարդան, «Հայկական Տասնհինգը Եւ Հայերու Լքեալ Գոյքերը», Պէյրութ, 1970, 344 էջ(1971) Kassouni, Yervant H.Item Edward Gulbekian, ed., "ARMENIAN PRESS DIRECTORY", London, Harq Publication, 1971, 76 pages(1971) Tanielian, JirayrItem Item Լեւոն Բաշալեանի Բառապաշարը(1971) Aghbashian, BaruyrIn the 1880’s the developments of the west Armenian realist literature helped to the enrichment of the contemporary language. One of the main concerns of the realist writers was to make the language understood by the layman, while raising it to the standards of developed foreign literary languages. Leon Pashalian is one of the realist short story writers of the 1880’s. with this article the author studies the lexicon of Leon Pashalian and his contribution to development of the west Armenian literary language.Item Լիբանանահայ Մամուլի Յիսուն Տարին 1921-1971 թթ.(1971) Der Khatchadourian, ArdashesThis article tries to give a general view of the Armenians press in Lebanon from 1921-1971. During those 50 years more than 175 Armenian newspapers, periodicals and almanachs have been published of which some have ceased publication. At the present some 60 Armenian newspapers, monthlies and almanachs are being published in Lebanon. The history of the Armenian press in Lebanon is given in consecutive decades. In each decade we see the important problems which Armenian living in Lebanon have faced and the reactions of the press. The author names the leading newspapers and periodicals of that decade, giving some information about the duration, the program, the editors, the contributors, and making a brief appreciation of that press. The writer puts a special emphasis on the achievements and defects of the Armenian press in Lebanon. The article ends with a list where almost all the Armenian press in Lebanon are mentioned in an alphabetic order, giving also the periods of their duration.Item Վերլուծումի եւ Գնահատանքի Փորձ Հայաստանի Երիտասարդական Բանաստեղծութեան Մասին(1971) Simonian, BeboIn the last decade a generation of young poets has made its presence felt in the literary life of Armenia. The works of these poets have given rise to the deal of criticism. In this study the author presents the opinions of the critics as well as those of the poets, who belong to two generations. In his conclusion the author concedes that in spite of some defects in the poetry of the younger generation, there is a new depth of spirit and form, proper to the 20th century. Finally, the author presents two young talented poets, namely Razmig Tavoyan and Arevshad Avakian.Item Արեւմտահայ Պատմուածքի Ծագումը(1971) Oshagan, VaheThe Renaissance of Western Armenian letters sets in around 1840 in Smyrna and within 10 years the first crude form of the short story make their appearance in the works of Mkhitarist monks in Vienna. Gradually the spirit of European realism permeates Armenian literature through translations and through people like Deroyents, Vartan Pasha, Voskan, Svadjian. These men and other intellectuals — Odian, Hissarian, Haigouni, Missakian etc. help forge a new literary language which serves as vehicle for the growth of the short story. At this juncture literature has an essentially practical function and is used as weapon in social, religious and political conflicts. All the men of letters try their hands at the story – first it is Hassarian, followed by Odian, Missakian, Voskan, all in the 1850s but they lack the senses of the genre. The best tentatives are finally those of the satirical writers Svadjian and Ayvazian, together with the sentimentalist Haigouni, who develop a literary hero, a realism of the characterisation and dialogue that set the mark on the times. By the 1870s, the genre has acquired a certain identity of its own.Item Խաչատուր Աբովեան(1971) Oshagan, HagopThe study presents two well-known east Armenian authors namely Khatchatour Apovian and Kapriel Sountougianz. The author through Apovian’s Verk Hayastany (<> -- a novel) presents him as a poet, historian, orator, and messenger. Then by studying the structure, the language, and the realism in K. Sountougian’s plays, Sountougian is presented as the first and only east Armenian playwright.Item Հայ Աւետարանական Եկեղեցիին Վարդապետական Առանձնայատկութիւնները(1971) Darakjian, Barkev N.After pointing out the direct and indirect causes of the formation of the Armenian Evangelical Church in the middle of the 19th century, the study presents the declaration of the First Armenian Protestants, the New Confession of Patriarch Matthew of Constantinople, and the Confession of Armenia’s Evangelical Church in opposition to the Patriarch Matthew New confession. Comparing these last two confessions, the author presents those principles which have given birth to the particular characteristics of the Armenian Evangelical Church, namely; to accept the Gospel as the highest authority; to accept Christ as the only mediator for salvation; salvation is the grace of God; and all believers are ministers of the church.Item Չարիքի Եզնիկեան Վերլուծութիւնը(1971) Kherlopian, KevorkThe Armenian mind of the fifth century A.D. engrossed itself with the perennial question of evil, analyzing the causes of its propagation and seeking the proper counterchecking means. A distinguished metaphysician the century witnessed, Yeznik of Koghp, presented a special study of evil, in which he exhibited vast erudition and a scientific approach marked by a peculiar militancy leveled against his opponents, especially, Greek philosophers; meanwhile, he never departed from the principles of logic and argumentation. Quite in line with the Socratic tradition, Yeznik considered evil as a derangement of established laws--- divine or human, universal or local. The good is given to men proportionate to his personal endeavor or activity. The institutions of a penal code ensues the category of evil. Punishment is not only retribution, but also an educative means of the removal of evil. In his analysis of evil, Yeznik deals with the matter of theodicy. He is not prepared to accept determinism, as such a position would render inconsequential man’s emancipatory efforts and possible conquest of evil. Yeznik’s conception of the theodicy is coupled with his interpretation of human volitional freedom. Yeznik examines human freedom from different points of view: theological, psychological, moral-philosophical, and legalistic. He believes that evil can be conquered and that man can attain perfection; therefore, he sees in man’s experiential reality discernibel milestones of the realization of such ideals. Yeznik’s metaphysical-sociological interpretation of evil is evidently not confined to moralistic abstraction; it contributes to the development of a redemptive ideology. Such an interpretation or analysis is intended to be compatible with Christian monotheism and man’s struggle for freedom.Item Արտաշէսեան Հարստութեան Հիմնադիր՝ Արտաշէս Ա.ի Պղինձէ Դրամը(1971) Donabedian, Asbed H.In this article an attempt has been made to attribute a unique bronze coin to Aataxias I, the founder of the Artaxiad dynasty. To make things more comprehensible, a brief historical background and some numismatic data are discussed. The coin belongs to the author’s rich collection of Artaxiad coins. Its weight is 4 grams, and its diameter 16 millimeters. Obverse: King’s bust turned right, wearing Armenian tiara slightly bearded. Reverse: A high conical mountain represented in dots, with a large eagle perched left on its summit. The Greek inscription on either side of the mountain reads: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ | ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ || ΑΡΤΑΞΙΟΥItem ԺԱ. Դարու Հայ Կառավարիչներ Պեխտ-Խաչատուր եւ Վասակ Պահլաւունի(1971) Kassouni, Yervant H.After tracing the role of Armenian in the Byzantine empire during the IX-XI centuries, the author discusses two XIth century Armenian governors of Antioch, Bekht-Khatchatour and Vassak Bahlavouny. In an earlier article H. Laurent had opposed the idea of connecting Bekht of the Armenian sources with Khatchatour of the Byzantine sources. On the basis of the historical evidence, the author tries to show that Bekht and Khatchatour are one and the same person. The article goes on to present the circumstances surrounding the murder of both Armenian governors of Antioch within the context of an anti-Armenian policy of the Byzantines.Item An Historical and Dynastic Survey of Caucasia, Eastern Anatolia and Adharbayjan from Xth to the XIIIth Centuries(1971) Kouymjian, Dickran K.Յօդուածը կը ներկայացնէ 10-13րդ դարերու քաղաքական ու ցեղագրական պատմութիւնը հարաւ արեւելեան Կովկասի, ներառեալ՝ Հայաստանի, Վրաստանի ու Ատրպէյճանի: Մասնաւոր ուշադրութեամբ վեր առնուած են այդ շրջաններուն մէջ վերոյիշեալ ժամանակին իշխող իսլամական ցեղերը: Սերտողութեան նիւթ դարձած են մինչեւ իսկ երկրորդական կարեւորութիւն ունեցող փոքր պետութիւնները: Վերլուծումի ենթարկուած է այդ ցեղերուն ճակատագիրը 11րդ դարու սելճուք-թրքական եւ 13րդ դարու մոնկոլական արշաւանքներու ընթացքին: Արծարծուած են նաեւ շարք մը դրամագիտական եւ ընկերային-հասարակական հարցեր:Item Հայ Գաղթավայրերի Առաջացումը(1971) Hamazasbian, VartkesThe Armenian Diaspora has a very ancient history. Armenian and foreign sources already speak of its development in the early years of the Armenia’s existence and its continuous through the ages. In this study the author first examines the formation of the Armenian colonies during the Achaemenid period, the time of Alexander the Great, and up through the reign of king Tigranes the Great. Then the author discusses the formation of other colonies as a result of Sasanid and Byzantine policies towards the Armenians, stressing the role of the Armenians in the Byzantine Empire and the founding of totally new centers of Armenian life.Item Հայկական Տասնհինգը եւ Թուրք Գերմանական Դաշնագիրը(1971) Vartan, LevonThe paper is a rather chronological study on the Turco-German Military Treaty of August 2, 1914; however, it also deals with the post-treaty period and brings to light the secret diplomatic negotiation which at least culminated in the Turco-Russian contention on the Caucasian front. Besides shedding light on one of the most intriguing phase of the First World War, the paper tries to open up the secret rapport between the military and Pan-Turanian designs of the Young-Turk party of the Ottoman Empire and the Armenian Massacres of 1915 perpetrated later by the self-name party. Relaying on German and Turkish documents, the writer endeavors to find the backing and hence the silent endorsement of the German authorities in promoting the Armenian Massacres of 1915Item Արեւմտահայ Բռնագրաւուած Հողերու Հարցը 1921-1971 թթ.(1971) Messerlian, ZavenThis study aims to correlate the historical facts between 1921-71 in relation to the occupied western Armenian territories now in Turkey, mainly in relation to the districts of Kars and Ardahan. At the same time the policies of the concerned nations, Turkey, U.S.S.R. and U.S.A are presented. Before the discussion of the main topic, a bird’s eye view id given of the 1045-1918 period in relation to the territorial occupation of western Armenia successively by Seljuk. Persian and Ottoman Turkish forces. Then comparatively a larger space is devoted to the discussion of the facts and policies affecting the Western Armenian territories and in particular the districts of Kars and Ardahan, during 1918-1921. The main study starts with a brief discussion of the Treaty of Kars (1921), Soviet-Turkish relations during 1921-1939, Turkey’s pro-Anglo-French and then pro-German policy is dealt with, followed by the attitude of the Allied Nations towards Turkey during the Second World War. The Soviet claims on Kars and Ardahan in 1945 in the name of Armenia and Georgia and the relations of the Turkey and the Western powers are presented. Then the declaration of the Truman doctrine in 1947 guaranteeing the territorial integrity of the Turkey’s, thus putting a great obstacle on the way of the realization of Armenian hopes of the retrocession of the district of Kars, is given. The renounciation of Soviet territorial claims in 1953-1971 with particular emphasis on the period 1963 to 1971 is discussed. During this period Turkey’s constant demands to have their territorial integrity respected by the U.S.S.R is reflected in the joint communiques.